खुवा बनाउने विधि

v'jf pTkfbg k|ljwL

!=kl/ro M

b"wnfO{ nuftf/ ?kdf rnfpb} / pdfNb} o;df ePsf] kfgLsf] dfqfnfO{ cf+lzs ?kdf jfliks/0f u/fP/ tof/ ul/Psf] cw{–7f]; -Semi-solid_ b'Uw kbfy{nfO{  v'jf elgG5 . csf]{ zAbdf v'jf eg]sf] b"w eGbf % u'0ff jl9 ;+3lgt b'Uw kbfy{ -5 times concentrated milk product_ xf] . ef/tsf] Prevention of food adultration (PFA) act, 1976 n] v'jfdf Go"gtd klg @) k|ltzt eGbf sd w[tf+z x'g' x'b}g eg]sf] 5 . o;sf] nfuL v'jf jgfpg] b'wdf Go"gtd $=% k|ltzt w[tf+z / *=% k|ltzt w[tfFz /lxt 7f]; kbfy{ x'g' kb{5 .  b'wdf  v'jfsf] jgfj6 / hnf+zsf] cfwf/df v'jfnfO{ wfk -Dhap_, lkF8L -Pindi_ / bfg]bf/ -Danedar_ u/L ltg # k|sf/df afF8LPsf] 5 . lkF8L v'jfdf wfkdf eGbf sd hnfFz x'G5 . v'jf tof/ x'g] clGtd a]nfdf b'wsf] cfwf/df )=! k|ltztsf] b/n] Citric acid /fvL tof/ ul/Psf] v'jfnfO{ bfg]bf/ v'jf elgG5 . ef/tsf] Bureau of Indian Standard cg';f/ dfyL pnn]vLt # k|sf/sf] v'jfsf] /;folgs jgfj6 / k|of]u lgDg tflnsfdf lbO{Psf] 5 .

 

qm=;+=	v'jfsf] k|sf/	s'n 7f]; -% _	w[tf+z -% _	k|of]u
!	wfk -Dhap_,	%^–^#	@)–@#	u'nfj hfd'g
@	lkF8L -Pindi_	^&–^(	@!–@^	jkmL{, k]8f
#	bfg]bf-Danedar_	^)–^%	@)–@%	sfnsfGb, ldNs s]s

 

@=agfj6 M

g]kfn vfB P]g @)@# tyf lgodfjnL @)@& n] v'jfsf] ef}lts tyf /;folgs agfj6sf] af/]df s'g} pNn]v u/]sf] 5}g . t/ ef/tsf] Prevention of food adultration (PFA) act, 1976 n] v'jfsf] lgDg cg';f/sf] /;folgs jgfj6nfO{ clgjfo{ u/]sf] 5 M

 

 

qm=;+=	b"wsf] k|sf/	hnf+z (%)	lrNnf] kbfy{ -%_	k|f]6Lg     -%_	sfjf]{xfO{8]8    -% _	vlgh     -% _
!	ufO{sf] b'w	@%	@%	!(	@%	#
@	e};Lsf] b'w	!(	#&	!*	@@	#=^

 

ufO{ tyf e};Lsf] b'waf6 ag]sf] v'jfsf] t'ngfTds ljj/0f M

 

qm=;+=	ljj/0f	ufO{sf] b'wsf] v'jf	e};Lsf] b'wsf] v'jf
!	/+u	kx]nf] -Yellowish_	;]tf] -Whitish_
@	agf]6 -Body_	xNsf s8f-Slightly hard_	lrNnf] -greasy_
#	agfj6 -Texture_	ls/ls/ nfUg] -Sandy_	bfg]bf/ -Granular_
$	:jfb	sd u'lnof] -less sweet_	al9 u'lnof]

 

 

#=cfj:os ;fdfu|L M

v'jf jgfpgsf] nfuL cfjZos ;fdfu|Lx? lgDg tflnsfdf lbO{Psf] 5 M

ufO{ jf e};Lsf] k'0f{ w[tf+zo'Qm b'w 

 

$=cfj:os pks/0f M

v'jf jgfpgsf] nfuL cfjZos pks/0fx? lgDg tflnsfdf lbO{Psf] 5 M

s/fxL -afSnf] lkw ePsf]_, dndnsf] sk8f, w+'jf gcfpg] :6f]e, kgfof] jf 8f8', Kofs]hLËsf] nfuL kfr{d]g6 k]k/ jf LDPE &% dfO{qmf]gsf y}nLx? -!)) ÷@)) ÷ %)) u|fd ÷ ! s]=hL=Ifdtf_ , l;lnË ug]{ pks/0f -Sealing Machine_÷Eofs'd KoflsË d]l;g,  :6Ln jf cn'ldgLodsf] yfnL, rSs', /]km|Lh/]6/, t/fh'

 

% v'jf pTkfbg k|ljwL M

%=! सिद्धान्त M

b"wnfO{ nuftf/ ?kdf pdfNb} / rnfpb} o;df ePsf] kfgLsf] dfqfnfO{ cf+lzs ?kdf jfliks/0f u/fP/ cw{–7f]; -Semi-solid_ cj:yfdf k'¥ofO{ v'jf tof/ ul/G5 . csf]{ zAbdf v'jf jgfpg] b'wnfO{ pdfn]/ nueu % u'0ff jl9 ;+3lgt -5 times concentrated milk_ agfO{ v'jf tof/ ul/G5  .

 

%=@ v'jf pTkfbg k|ljwL M

v'jf pTkfbg k|ljwL a'+bfut ?kdf lgDg cg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M

!= ;j{ k|yd ufO{ jf e};Lsf] k"0f{ w[tfFzo'Qm ;kmf / :jR5 ÷tfhf b'w lng] .

@= ;kmf dndnsf] sk8fn] b'wnfO{ 5fg]/ afXo kbfy{x? s]xL ldl;Psf] eP x6fpg]      -#%– $) ° ;]G6Lu|]6 tfkqmddf_ . 

#= To;kl5 v'jf jgfpg] b'wnfO{ ;dfof]hg -:t/Ls/0f_ ug]{ -e};Lsf] b'wsf] xsdf Go'gtd % k|ltzt w[tfFz / ufO{sf] b'wsf] xsdf Go'gtd $ k|ltzt w[tfFz sfod x'g] u/L_

$= ;+ej eP ;Dd v'jf jgfpg] b'wnfO{ xf]df]lhgfO{h];g ug'{ kb{5 -k|yd r/0fdf @%)) k|lt ju{ O{Gr rfkdf / bf]>f] r/0fdf %)) k|lt ju{ O{Gr rfkdf_ .

%= To;kl5 afSnf] lkw ePsf] @) – @% ln6/ Ifdtfsf] s/fxLdf $–^ ln6/ b'w /fvL nuftf/ ?kdf Psgf;sf] w'Fuf gcfpg] cfuf] -:6f]e_ df 8f8'sf] ;xfotfn] b'wnfO{ st} 6f;Lg glbg] u/L rnfpb} / pdfNb} hfg] . cfhsn :jrflnt v'jf ksfpg] l:6nsf efF8fx? klg jhf/df lsGg kfO{G5 .

^= b'wdf ePsf] kfgLsf] dfqf cf+lzs ?kdf jfliks/0f eP/ s]lx afSnf] eP kl5       *#° ± #° ;]G6Lu|]6 tfkqmddf  8f8'sf] ;xfotfn] 3f]6\b} hfg] . o;/L 3f]6\b} hfFbf afSnf] ePsf] b'wnfO{ efF8fdf 6fFl;P/ 88\g glbgsf] nfuL (^ b]vL !)) k6s k|lt ldg6       -RPM_ sf] b/n] w'dfpg' kb{5 .

&= o;/L ksfpb} hfFbf b'w afSnf] e} Ps} 7fFpdf 8Nnf] k/L xNsf ?kdf Wo" lg:s]/ s/fxLsf] lkFwdf 6fFl;g 5f8] kl5 xNsf lrNnf] kf/LPsf] ;kmf / hLjf0f' /lxt :6Ln jf cn'ldgLodsf] yfnLdf tft} vGofpg] . v'jf tof/ eof] .

 

*= v'jf lr;f] eP/ ;fdfGo sf]7fsf] tfkqmddf k'u] kl5 u|fxssf] dfu cg';f/sf] tf}ndf ;kmf / hLjf0f' /lxt kfr{d]G6 k]k/ jf PNd'lgod kmfO{n jf n]ldg]6]8 k]k/ jf kf]lnlyg y}nLx?df ;se/ xfjf /lxt 9+uaf6 KoflsË -Vacuum Packing_  ug]{ . tfh} vfg] eP KoflsË gu/L Kn]6x?df /fv]/ ljt/0f ug]{ .

(= o;/L KoflsË ul/Psf] v'jfnfO{ cln nfdf] ;do -@, # xKtf_ ;Dd /fVg] eP $ – ^ ° ;]G6Lu|]6 tfkqmddf /]lkmh/]6/ jf l;t sIf -Cold Room_ df e08f/0f ug]{ . olb @, $ lbg leq g} pkef]u ug]{ eP ;fdfGo sf]7fsf] tfkqmddf e08f/0f ug]{ .

 

^= Kofs]lhË -Packaging_ M

v'jf lr;f] eP/ ;fdfGo sf]7fsf] tfkqmddf k'u] kl5 u|fxssf] dfu cg';f/sf] tf}ndf ;kmf / hLjf0f' /lxt kfr{d]G6 k]k/ jf PNd'lgod kmfO{n jf n]ldg]6]8 k]k/ jf kf]lnlyg y}nLx?df ;se/ xfjf /lxt 9+uaf6 KoflsË -Vacuum Packing_ ug]{ . tfh} vfg] eP KoflsË gu/L Kn]6x?df /fv]/ ljt/0f ug]{ .

 

&= e08f/0f tyf ljt/0f M

o;/L KoflsË ul/Psf] v'jfnfO{ cln nfdf] ;do -@, # xKtf_ ;Dd /fVg] eP $ – ^ ° ;]G6Lu|]6 tfkqmddf /]lkmh/]6/ jf l;t sIf -Cold Room_ df e08f/0f ug]{ . olb @, $ lbg leq g} pkef]u ug]{ eP ;fdfGo sf]7fsf] tfkqmddf e08f/0f ug]{ . v'jf e08f/0f ug]{ sf]7f jf :yfg ;kmf, ;'vf, lztn, xfjf nfUg] / l;w} 3fd gkg]{ x'g' kb{5 .

 

 

*= e08f/0f cjwL M

v'jfnfO{ ;fdfGo sf]7fsf] tfkqmd -!* b]vL @@° ;]G6Lu|]6_ df @, $ lbg ;Dd dfq e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . $ – ^ ° ;]G6Lu|]6 tfkqmddf /]lkmh/]6/ jf l;t sIf -Cold Room_ df # xKtf ;Dd e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . To;} u/L -–_ !* ° ;]G6Lu|]6 tfkqmddf &) – &% lbg ;Dd klg e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5

 

(= u'0f lgoGq0f M

vfB P]g @)@# tyf lgodfjnL @)@& n] v'jfsf] u'0f lgoGq0f ;+jGwL s'g} dfk808 tf]s]sf] 5}g tfklg o;sf] u'0f lgoGq0fsf] nflu lgDd a'bfx?df Wofg lbg' h?/L x'G5 M

!= v'jf agfpgsf] nfuL k|of]udf NofO{g] b'w k'0f{ w[tf+zo'Qm ;kmf, :jR5 / :jefljs k|s[ltsf]  x'g' kb{5 .

@= b'w /fVg / v'jf ksfpgsf] nfuL k|of]udf NofO{g] ef+8fjt{gx? ;kmf / hLjf0f' /lxt x'g' kb{5 .

#= w'Fjf cfpg] r'nf]df v'jf ksfpg' x'b}g . cGoyf v'jf tyf ;f]af6 ag]sf] ld7fO{x?df w'Fjfsf] u+w cfpb5 .

$= w]/} k'/fgf] / jf;L b'w v'jf jgfpgsf]] nfuL k|of]udf Nofpg' x'b}g . cGoyf v'jf tyf ;f]af6 ag]sf] ld7fO{x?df cldnf] jf:gf tyf :jfb cfpg'sf] ;fy;fy} v'jf v;|f] vfnsf] x'G5 .

%= sd w[tfFz ePsf] b'waf6 jg]sf] v'jf s8f / km';|f] vfnsf] x'G5 . ctM v'jf jgfpg] e};Lsf] b'wdf Go"gtd % k|ltzt / ufO{sf] b'wdf Go"gtd $ w[tf+z x'g' kb{5 .

^= Ps k6sdf $- ^ ln6/ eGbf j9L b'w /fv]/ nfdf] ;do ;Dd ksfpbf v'jf w]/} v}/f] e} ;]tf] v'jf tof/ gx'g ;S5 .

&= v'jf ksfpg] ef8f]sf] Ifdtfsf] Ps rf}yfO{ Ifdtf eGbf jl9 b"w /fVg' x'b}g .

*= b'w afSnf] eP kl5 tfkqmd 36fO{ *#° ± #° ;]G6Lu|]6 sfod u/L 8f8'sf] ;xfotfn] (^ b]vL !)) k6s k|lt ldg6 -RPM_ sf] b/n] 3'dfpb} 3f]6\g' kb{5 . cGoyf 88]/ v}/f] sfnf] x'g ;Sb5 .

(= ;f]8f xfnsf] b'w"af6 jg]sf] v'jfdf af:gf cfpb}g . ctM ;f]8f ld;fO{ 6ti7 agfO{Psf] b'w v'jf jgpg k|of]u ug'[ x'b}g .

!)=pTkfbg kl5 v'jfsf] KoflsË ubf{, e08f/0fdf, j;f/ k;f/ tyf 9'+jfgL ubf{ / ljqmL sIfaf6 tf}n u/L ljqmL ljt/0f ubf{ :jR5, :j:Yo 9+ujf6 s'g} k|sf/sf hLjf0fx?sf] ;+qmd0f gx'g] u/L sfo{ ug'{ kb{5 .

!!= v'jf e08f/0f ug]{ sf]7f jf :yfg ;kmf, ;'vf, lztn, xfjf nfUg] / l;w} 3fd gkg]{ x'g' kb{5 .

!@= 9';L tyf vld/ k/]sf] v'jf vfg' jf ljqmL ljt/0f ug'{ x'b}g .